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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of Continuity Index Values in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Proactive Esophageal Cooling
05:43

Determination of Continuity Index Values in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Proactive Esophageal Cooling

Published on: April 19, 2024

Computational method to predict esophageal temperature elevations during pulmonary vein isolation.

Dan Musat1, Emad F Aziz, Jayanthi Koneru

  • 1Al-Sabah Arrhythmia Institute and Division of Cardiology, St. Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|June 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Real-time esophageal temperature monitoring during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) can help prevent thermal injury. A rise in esophageal temperature indicates a higher risk, especially during left pulmonary vein isolation.

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Reduced Procedure Time and Variability with Active Esophageal Cooling During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
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Reduced Procedure Time and Variability with Active Esophageal Cooling During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

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Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
06:25

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: March 15, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of Continuity Index Values in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Proactive Esophageal Cooling
05:43

Determination of Continuity Index Values in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Proactive Esophageal Cooling

Published on: April 19, 2024

Reduced Procedure Time and Variability with Active Esophageal Cooling During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
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Reduced Procedure Time and Variability with Active Esophageal Cooling During Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

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Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
06:25

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: March 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • The esophagus is anatomically close to the left atrium, posing a risk of thermal injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • Real-time monitoring of esophageal temperature and position during pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is crucial but not widely explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a protocol for estimating and avoiding esophageal heating during RF ablation procedures.
  • To assess the feasibility of real-time esophageal temperature monitoring during PV isolation.

Main Methods:

  • A thermal probe was used to monitor esophageal temperature fluctuations during RF energy application in patients undergoing PV isolation.
  • RF energy delivery was paused if esophageal temperature rose by more than 0.5°C.
  • The distance between PVs and the esophagus was calculated using biplane projections and the Pythagorean theorem.

Main Results:

  • Esophageal thermal probes were closer to left-sided PVs (20.5–23.4 mm) than right-sided PVs (31.0–41.9 mm).
  • A temperature increase of >0.5°C occurred in 7.8% of RF deliveries, more frequently during left-sided PV ablation (55% vs. 10%).
  • RF delivery within 24 mm of the esophagus predicted temperature rise with 91% sensitivity and 81% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Esophageal thermal probes offer real-time temperature monitoring and anatomical localization during RF ablation.
  • Left-sided PV ablation and RF delivery within 24 mm of the esophagus are associated with a higher risk of esophageal temperature increase.