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The effects of genetic line (broilers vs. layers) on embryo development.

S Druyan1

  • 1Institute of Animal Science, ARO The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. druyan@agri.huji.ac.il

Poultry Science
|June 16, 2010
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Summary

Genetic selection in chickens impacts embryo development and metabolism. Broiler and layer lines show distinct embryonic patterns, with broilers exhibiting higher metabolic rates and faster development.

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Animal Genetics

Background:

  • Modern chickens undergo genetic selection for production traits like growth rate (broilers) and egg production (layers).
  • This selection likely influences embryonic development, growth, and metabolic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of broiler (Cobb, Ross) and layer (Lohmann) lines, and parent flock age (31, 38 weeks) on chicken embryonic development.
  • To analyze embryonic heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood parameters across different genetic lines and ages.

Main Methods:

  • Eggs from Lohmann (layer), Cobb (broiler), and Ross (broiler) lines were incubated from flocks aged 31 and 38 weeks.
  • Embryonic development, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, triiodothyronine) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Layer embryos hatched later with lower relative weight but similar yolk weight compared to broilers.
  • Layer embryos had lower oxygen consumption and blood parameters but higher heart rate from embryonic day 15.
  • Ross broiler embryos showed higher oxygen consumption, heart rate, and plasma triiodothyronine than Cobb broiler embryos.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic selection significantly affects chicken embryonic development and metabolic characteristics, not just production traits.
  • Broiler lines exhibit distinct embryonic metabolic and developmental patterns compared to layer lines.
  • Parent flock age influences embryonic oxygen consumption, with older flocks showing higher rates.