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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Mitochondrial pseudomyasthenia.

Jason J S Barton1, John Maguire, Michelle Mezei

  • 1Departments of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. jasonbarton@shaw.ca

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|June 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial myopathy can present atypically, mimicking ocular myasthenia with asymmetric symptoms like ptosis and ophthalmoparesis. This case highlights the importance of considering mitochondrial disorders in complex ocular motor presentations.

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Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model
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Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model
06:07

Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial disorders typically cause chronic, symmetric ocular motor weakness.
  • Ocular myasthenia gravis is a common differential diagnosis for ptosis and ophthalmoparesis.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with a 25-year history of asymmetric ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, and facial weakness.
  • Symptoms showed partial response to steroid therapy.
  • Standard tests for myasthenia gravis were negative.

Findings:

  • Muscle biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy.
  • The patient's presentation mimicked ocular myasthenia gravis.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of mitochondrial ophthalmoparesis presentations.
  • Clinicians should consider mitochondrial myopathies in the differential diagnosis of atypical ocular motor weakness.
  • Further research into atypical mitochondrial disease presentations is warranted.