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Related Concept Videos

The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

New Framework for Understanding Cross-Brain Coherence in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Hyperscanning Studies
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Rotation invariant phase-only and binary phase-only correlation.

L Leclerc, Y Sheng, H H Arsenault

    Applied Optics
    |June 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New phase-only circular harmonic filters offer full rotation invariance for object recognition and noise discrimination. Binary versions are optimized for real-time computer vision applications using spatial light modulators.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computer Vision
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional filters often struggle with rotation invariance and background noise.
    • Efficient object recognition requires robust discrimination capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose novel phase-only circular harmonic filters (POCHFs) and binary phase-only circular harmonic filters (BPOCHFs).
    • To evaluate their performance in object recognition and noise discrimination.
    • To assess their suitability for real-time computer applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and theoretical analysis of POCHFs and BPOCHFs.
    • Implementation of filter properties for computer applications.
    • Evaluation of rotation invariance and discrimination performance against noise.

    Main Results:

    • Both POCHFs and BPOCHFs demonstrate full rotation invariance.
    • Excellent performance in discriminating between objects and rejecting background noise.
    • BPOCHFs are suitable for real-time applications with spatial light modulators.

    Conclusions:

    • POCHFs and BPOCHFs offer significant advantages for object recognition tasks.
    • The binary variant enables efficient real-time processing.
    • These filters represent a valuable advancement in computer vision and pattern recognition.