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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display
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Published on: November 14, 2018

Atom confinement in a laser open atomizer.

J M Gagné, B Malo, P E Pianarosa

    Applied Optics
    |June 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The study shows how buffer gas pressure affects atomic absorption spectroscopy signals in laser-induced vapor plumes. Gas diffusion theory accurately explains the observed absorption maximum, revealing a conical plume shape.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Atomic Spectroscopy
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) are crucial for elemental analysis.
    • Understanding vapor plume dynamics is essential for optimizing atomization and signal generation.
    • The influence of buffer gas properties on plume behavior in open systems requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of buffer gas (air) pressure and temperature on the vapor plume generated by a laser open atomizer.
    • To relate the absorption signal to the concentration of absorbing species using a modified Beer-Lambert equation.
    • To validate experimental findings with classical gas diffusion theory.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized laser open atomizer for vapor plume generation.
    • Employed atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to measure absorption signals.
    • Varied buffer gas (air) pressure and temperature during experiments.

    Main Results:

    • The absorption signal showed a maximum as a function of buffer gas pressure, consistent with classical gas diffusion theory.
    • A modified Beer-Lambert equation explicitly incorporating buffer gas pressure, temperature, and diffusing species diameter was used.
    • Experimental data confirmed the theoretical predictions regarding gas diffusion effects.

    Conclusions:

    • The behavior of the vapor plume in a laser open atomizer is significantly influenced by buffer gas properties.
    • Classical gas diffusion theory provides a valid framework for understanding absorption signal variations with gas pressure.
    • Laser-generated plumes in open systems exhibit a distinct conical shape.