Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland

The Pituitary Gland

The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Anatomical Risk Factors for Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks During Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas".

World neurosurgery·2026

Same author

Comparison of clinical outcomes in adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngioma: a baseline analysis before the targeted therapy era.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Same author

Predictors of hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, and readmission after craniopharyngioma surgery: a multicenter study from the RAPID database.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Same author

Frailty and postoperative outcomes following craniopharyngioma resection: a multicenter Registry for Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders analysis.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Same author

The risk of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea from early resumption of positive pressure ventilation after transsphenoidal surgery with autologous fat graft repair.

Journal of neurosurgery·2026

Same author

Risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma: a multicenter cohort study with a contemporary surgeon practice survey.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Apoplexy in pituitary microadenomas.

Benjamin R Randall¹, William T Couldwell

¹Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, USA.

Acta Neurochirurgica

|June 16, 2010

Summary

Pituitary apoplexy, a rare complication of pituitary adenomas, can occur with smaller pituitary microadenomas. This condition may be frequently misdiagnosed as a common headache.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neurology
Radiology

Background:

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome typically linked to pituitary macroadenomas.
It involves hemorrhage or infarction within a pituitary adenoma.

Observation:

This study presents three cases of pituitary apoplexy occurring in patients with pituitary microadenomas.
The clinical presentation, endocrine status, and outcomes were documented for each patient.

Findings:

Headaches in these microadenoma cases were initially misdiagnosed as unrelated conditions.
Pituitary apoplexy associated with microadenomas may be underdiagnosed.

Implications:

Increased awareness among clinicians and radiologists is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

Published on: February 18, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

Published on: February 18, 2016

Recognizing pituitary apoplexy in microadenoma patients can prevent delayed treatment.