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Related Concept Videos

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

Exogenous surfactant: intubated present, nebulized future?

Shetal Shah1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11791, USA. shetal.shah@stonybrook.edu

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
|June 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nebulized surfactant offers a safer, more timely alternative to traditional intra-tracheal instillation for respiratory distress syndrome treatment in preterm infants. Further research is needed to address cost, delivery, and dosing challenges for widespread clinical adoption.

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A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
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A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Published on: August 4, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
04:21

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Published on: August 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current exogenous surfactant administration via intra-tracheal instillation poses risks of clinical instability.
  • Advancements in understanding respiratory distress syndrome and surfactant biology have paved the way for novel delivery methods.
  • Nebulized surfactant presents a promising alternative for improved safety and timeliness in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on nebulized surfactant therapy.
  • To discuss the potential benefits and barriers to implementing nebulized surfactant administration.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of nebulized surfactant as a standard treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of original publications on surfactant biology and administration.
  • Analysis of institutional experience with surfactant delivery methods.
  • Discussion of evidence supporting nebulized surfactant therapy.

Main Results:

  • Nebulized surfactant is an attractive administration vector, revolutionizing neonatal care.
  • Key challenges include cost-effectiveness, nebulizer device development, airway deposition, and dosing strategies.
  • Despite challenges, nebulized surfactant administration holds significant promise.

Conclusions:

  • Nebulized surfactant could be a breakthrough therapy, minimizing mechanical ventilation's volu- and baro-traumatic effects.
  • This method facilitates earlier administration and supports noninvasive ventilation strategies.
  • Successful clinical implementation as a standard treatment is anticipated following further development.