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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the small...

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Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
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The globalization of intestinal microbiota.

D Raoult

    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
    |June 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Our gut microbiota is influenced by environmental factors, primarily food. Industrial foods may lead to a globalized gut microbiome, impacting health and bacterial spread.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Human Gut Microbiome Research
    • Environmental Microbiology

    Background:

    • The human gut harbors a complex community of microorganisms, primarily influenced by environmental exposures.
    • Food, including vegetables and industrial products, is a significant source of gut microbes and shapes the gut microbiome's equilibrium.
    • Dietary patterns play a crucial role in modulating the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota.

    Discussion:

    • The increasing consumption of industrial food contributes to a homogenization, or globalization, of the gut microbiota across populations.
    • This globalization may have implications for human health, potentially altering immune responses and metabolic functions.
    • Understanding the sources and dynamics of gut microbial colonization is essential for public health.

    Key Insights:

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
    05:41

    Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

    Published on: April 6, 2022

    An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
    05:27

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    Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

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    • Food is a primary environmental driver of gut microbial colonization and diversity.
    • Industrial food consumption trends may lead to a less diverse and more globally uniform gut microbiome.
    • Changes in gut microbiota composition due to diet can impact host health and disease susceptibility.

    Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to understand the long-term health consequences of a globalized gut microbiota.
    • Investigating the specific impact of different food types on microbial diversity is crucial.
    • Developing dietary strategies to promote a resilient and diverse gut microbiome is a key future direction.