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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
Activation Energy01:26

Activation Energy

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
Transition State Theory01:25

Transition State Theory

Transition-state theory, also known as activated-complex theory, provides a molecular-level explanation of reaction rates in both gas-phase and solution-phase reactions. It extends earlier kinetic models by considering the formation of a short-lived, high-energy configuration during a reaction.The progress of a chemical reaction can be represented using a reaction profile, which plots potential energy against the reaction coordinate. As two reactant molecules approach one another, their...
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
Series Resonance01:17

Series Resonance

The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...
Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics01:19

Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics

If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not immune...

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Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Entropic resonant activation.

Debasish Mondal1, Moupriya Das, Deb Shankar Ray

  • 1Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Confining Brownian particles creates entropic barriers. Periodic boundary modulation causes resonance in passage times, explained by a two-state model, revealing confinement characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Confining Brownian particles in reduced dimensions leads to effective entropic barriers.
  • Understanding particle dynamics in confined geometries is crucial for various physical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of periodic boundary modulation on the dynamics of confined Brownian particles.
  • To explore the phenomenon of entropic resonant activation in bilobal confined systems.
  • To analyze the relationship between confinement geometry and particle transport characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a Brownian particle in a two-dimensional, bilobal confinement with periodically modulated walls.
  • Calculation of the mean first passage time as a function of modulating frequency.
  • Modeling the system using a two-state model to explain observed resonant phenomena.

Main Results:

  • A resonance in the mean first passage time was observed as a function of the modulating frequency.
  • The resonance phenomenon, termed entropic resonant activation, is dependent on the confinement's shape and size.
  • The observed features are well-described by a theoretical two-state model.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic modulation of confinement boundaries can induce resonant transport phenomena for Brownian particles.
  • Entropic resonant activation provides insights into the interplay between confinement geometry and particle dynamics.
  • The two-state model offers a simplified yet effective framework for understanding these complex behaviors.