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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Prenatal stress and brain development.

Arnaud Charil1, David P Laplante, Cathy Vaillancourt

  • 1McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Brain Research Reviews
|June 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal stress (PS) impacts offspring brain development, affecting regions like the hippocampus and amygdala. Studying human disasters offers a way to prospectively examine these effects on fetal brain development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Prenatal stress (PS) is associated with adverse cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes in offspring.
  • Animal studies confirm PS effects on offspring brain structure and function.
  • The impact of PS on human fetal brain development remains under-examined, particularly using independent stressors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal literature on PS effects on specific fetal brain regions.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking PS to neurodevelopmental changes.
  • To propose prospective human studies using natural disasters to investigate PS impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of animal studies on prenatal stress and brain development.
  • Analysis of macroscopic and microscopic changes in key brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, etc.).
  • Discussion of maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and placental involvement.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal stress demonstrably affects brain regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, and cerebral cortex in animal models.
  • Maternal/fetal HPA axis and placental function are implicated as key mediating mechanisms.
  • Translating animal findings to humans presents challenges, necessitating direct human investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal stress induces significant neurodevelopmental alterations in offspring, as evidenced by animal research.
  • Prospective human studies, leveraging independent stressors like natural disasters, are crucial for understanding PS effects on human fetal brain development.
  • Such research can bridge the gap between animal models and human outcomes, informing interventions.