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Related Concept Videos

The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

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Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Random phase textures: theory and synthesis.

Bruno Galerne1, Yann Gousseau, Jean-Michel Morel

  • 1CMLA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, UniverSud, F-94230 Cachan, France. galerne@cmla.ens-cachan.fr

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
|June 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals random phase noise (RPN) and asymptotic discrete spot noise (ADSN) are distinct processes, yet produce perceptually similar textures. Technical extensions enable their practical application in texture synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Image Processing
  • Computational Mathematics

Background:

  • Texture synthesis is crucial for computer graphics and image analysis.
  • Early texture discrimination theories by Julesz laid groundwork for computational models.
  • Random phase noise (RPN) and asymptotic discrete spot noise (ADSN) are sample-based texture models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically and algorithmically analyze RPN and ADSN.
  • To clarify the relationship between RPN and ADSN.
  • To enhance the practical applicability of RPN and ADSN for texture emulation.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of RPN and ADSN properties.
  • Algorithmic development for texture synthesis.
  • Experimental validation using perceptual similarity tests.
  • Extension of algorithms to color images and arbitrary texture sizes.
  • Development of preprocessing techniques for non-periodic samples.

Main Results:

  • RPN and ADSN are mathematically distinct stochastic processes.
  • Textures generated by RPN and ADSN from identical samples are perceptually similar.
  • Algorithms were successfully extended for color images.
  • Preprocessing effectively mitigates artifacts from non-periodic texture samples.
  • Texture synthesis is now feasible for arbitrary sizes.

Conclusions:

  • RPN and ADSN, despite differences, offer similar perceptual results in texture synthesis.
  • The study provides practical solutions for using RPN and ADSN in real-world applications.
  • Enhanced algorithms broaden the scope of sample-based texture synthesis.