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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
Published on: November 15, 2024
USER cloning and USER fusion: the ideal cloning techniques for small and big laboratories
Hussam H Nour-Eldin1, Fernando Geu-Flores, Barbara A Halkier
1Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, and VKR Centre Pro-Active Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract:
The explosive development of the field of molecular biology has led to the need for simpler and more efficient cloning techniques. These requirements are elegantly met by the ligation-free cloning technique called USER cloning. USER cloning is suitable not only for everyday and high-throughput cloning but also for the one-step construction of complex DNA constructs, which can be achieved in a variant called USER fusion. In this chapter, we present a general protocol for converting any vector into a USER-compatible vector, together with protocols for both USER cloning and USER fusion.
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