Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Actin scaffolds as organizers of presynaptic function, assembly and plasticity across species.

Biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Semi-automatic 3D-quantification of in-vivo synapse formation.

BMC bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Structure and function of otoferlin, a synaptic protein of sensory hair cells essential for hearing.

Science advances·2025
Same author

SynapseNet: Deep learning for automatic synapse reconstruction.

Molecular biology of the cell·2025
Same author

How to control synaptic autophagy from the neuronal soma.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same journal

Novel Variants in PLPBP, SCN1A, and SLC6A1: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and clinical Elucidation of Three Distinct Cases of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
Same journal

D-ribose-L-cysteine protects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in <i>Drosophila</i> via redox, neurotransmitter, and DDC gene regulation.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
Same journal

Genetic architecture of hereditary spastic paraplegia: from monogenic to oligogenic models.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
Same journal

Expression of sulfate pathway genes in human neurodevelopment.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
Same journal

<i>Nckx30c</i>, a <i>Drosophila</i> K<sup>+</sup>-dependent Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger, regulates temperature-sensitive convulsions and age-related neurodegeneration.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
Same journal

A zinc finger MYM-type containing 3 (ZMYM3) allele is associated with autism spectrum disorder in Iranian people.

Journal of neurogenetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

The active zone T-bar--a plasticity module?

Carolin Wichmann1, Stephan J Sigrist

  • 1NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, CharitĂ© Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Neurogenetics
|June 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Bruchpilot protein is essential for forming synaptic T-bars, which are crucial for vesicle fusion and synaptic plasticity. This research highlights T-bars as key "plasticity modules" in neurons.

More Related Videos

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism
10:58

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

Published on: December 28, 2010

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
07:19

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism
10:58

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

Published on: December 28, 2010

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
07:19

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic active zones are sites of Ca(2+)-triggered vesicle fusion, characterized by electron-dense cytomatrices.
  • Understanding the molecular composition and function of active zones in exocytosis and endocytosis is a key research area.
  • Drosophila synapses, with their T-bar structures, offer a powerful model for combining genetic, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of T-bar structure and function in synaptic transmission.
  • To elucidate the molecular components of the T-bar, focusing on Bruchpilot.
  • To investigate the role of Bruchpilot in T-bar formation, calcium channel clustering, and synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical identification of T-bar-residing proteins.
  • Genetic manipulation to eliminate Bruchpilot.
  • Ultrastructural and electrophysiological analyses of synaptic function.
  • Conformational analysis of Bruchpilot.

Main Results:

  • Bruchpilot, a CAST/ERC-family member, was identified as the first T-bar-residing protein.
  • Genetic elimination of Bruchpilot disrupts T-bar formation, calcium channel clustering, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Bruchpilot directly shapes the T-bar, potentially through an elongated conformation.
  • Mechanisms regulating Bruchpilot availability for T-bar assembly have been described.

Conclusions:

  • T-bars are essential structures for proper synaptic vesicle fusion and function.
  • Bruchpilot is a critical determinant of T-bar structure and synaptic plasticity.
  • T-bars are proposed to function as genuine "plasticity modules" in the nervous system.