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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy for urological malignancies.

Guru Sonpavde1, Cora N Sternberg

  • 1Texas Oncology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Department ofMedicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

BJU International
|June 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neoadjuvant therapy before surgery is a feasible approach for various urological cancers. This strategy helps accelerate the development of new systemic agents and improve patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  • Neoadjuvant trials are exploring treatments for high-risk prostate cancer and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the value of neoadjuvant therapy in urological cancers.
  • To emphasize its role in evaluating novel agents and improving treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and ongoing neoadjuvant therapy trials in bladder, prostate, and renal cell cancers.
  • Focus on neoadjuvant therapy as a platform for drug screening and development.

Main Results:

  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an established standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  • Neoadjuvant trials offer a window to screen novel agents for biological activity.
  • The neoadjuvant approach is feasible and acceptable for evaluating new treatments in urological cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant therapy preceding surgery is a viable paradigm for urological cancers.
  • This approach can expedite the development of novel systemic agents and enhance patient outcomes.