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Related Experiment Videos

Physiological alterations during pregnancy: impact on toxicokinetics.

D R Mattison1, E Blann, A Malek

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72204.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy induces physiological changes affecting how the body processes chemicals, altering toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Understanding these shifts is crucial for accurate risk assessment and cross-species extrapolation of chemical toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant physiological adaptations in maternal organ systems.
  • These adaptations aim to support fetal development by managing nutrient supply and waste removal.
  • Such changes can influence the behavior of foreign compounds (xenobiotics) within the mother and fetus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how pregnancy-induced physiological changes impact xenobiotic toxicokinetics.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding altered absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination during gestation.
  • To emphasize the need for considering species-specific adaptations in toxicological assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes in maternal systems (alimentary, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal).

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  • Analysis of how these changes affect xenobiotic absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
  • Consideration of factors like body weight, water, protein, fat, and cardiac output alterations.

    • Main Results:

    • Physiological adaptations during pregnancy alter xenobiotic toxicokinetics.
    • Changes in body composition and function (e.g., cardiac output) significantly impact xenobiotic distribution.
    • Maternal-fetal transfer and elimination pathways are modified, affecting chemical exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy-related physiological shifts necessitate a re-evaluation of toxicokinetic parameters.
    • Altered toxicokinetics during pregnancy can influence maternal, placental, and fetal toxicity.
    • Accurate cross-species extrapolation of chemical risks requires understanding these pregnancy-specific adaptations.