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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...
Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification

Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...

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Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
07:05

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Published on: October 27, 2016

Seeing is believing: trustworthiness as a dynamic belief.

Luke J Chang1, Bradley B Doll, Mascha van 't Wout

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.

Cognitive Psychology
|June 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Human trust is shaped by initial impressions and past experiences. This study reveals these factors interact dynamically, influencing cooperation and perceptions of trustworthiness in repeated interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral economics
  • Social psychology
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Human cooperation relies on trust, influenced by initial impressions and prior interactions.
  • The interplay between these trust-building factors in repeated exchanges remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between implicit initial trustworthiness cues and experienced trustworthiness in a repeated Trust Game.
  • To quantify how these factors influence cooperative behavior and subjective trust ratings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a repeated Trust Game paradigm to simulate economic decision-making under uncertainty.
  • Employed Reinforcement Learning models to analyze behavioral data and test processing hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • Both initial impressions and experienced trustworthiness independently and synergistically affected players' investment decisions and trust ratings.
  • Behavioral data supported models where trustworthiness is an initially implicit judgment dynamically updated by experience.

Conclusions:

  • Trustworthiness is conceptualized as a probabilistic belief about reciprocation, initiated by implicit judgments and refined through interaction.
  • Introduced a novel quantitative framework for understanding the dynamic nature of trustworthiness in social exchange.