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The 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus pandemic: A review

Marc P Girard1, John S Tam, Olga M Assossou

  • 1University Paris-7 Denis Diderot, 39 rue Seignemartin, 69008, Lyon, France. marc.girard36@wanadoo.fr

Vaccine
|June 18, 2010
PubMed

Insights

The 2009 swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) pandemic prompted rapid vaccine development. Clinical trials confirmed that single-dose pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines were safe and effective in volunteers.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The 2009 emergence of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) led to a global pandemic.
  • The virus disproportionately affected children, young adults, and pregnant women, particularly those with pre-existing lung or cardiac conditions, leading to increased hospitalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the global spread and impact of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.
  • To review the development and clinical trial outcomes of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines.
  • To highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance of influenza virus circulation in swine populations.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the emergence and global spread of the A (H1N1) virus.
  • It summarizes the development and testing of various pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines.
  • Clinical trial data on safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers are assessed.

Main Results:

  • All registered pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines were evaluated in human clinical trials.
  • These vaccines, including split inactivated, whole-virion, and live-attenuated formulations, were found to be safe.
  • A single vaccine dose elicited potentially protective antibody responses in volunteers.

Conclusions:

  • The pharmaceutical industry successfully developed and tested safe and immunogenic pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines.
  • These vaccines demonstrated efficacy after a single dose in clinical trials.
  • Enhanced surveillance of influenza virus circulation in swine is crucial for future pandemic preparedness.

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