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Muscles that Move the Forearm

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

[Hypothenar eminence].

¹Hôpital Saint-Roch, Nice, France. lebreton.e@chu-nice.fr

Chirurgie De La Main

|June 18, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details the complex anatomy of the hypothenar eminence, focusing on Guyon's canal and the ulnar neurovascular space. Understanding these structures is crucial for preventing surgical complications and optimizing reconstructive procedures.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Anatomy
Neuroscience
Vascular Surgery

Context:

The hypothenar eminence presents complex anatomical features crucial for surgical interventions.
Guyon's canal and the carpal ulnar neurovascular space are key areas of interest.
Variability in hypothenar muscles and ulnar nerve distribution poses surgical challenges.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive review of the osteoligamentous floor and topography of Guyon's canal.
To elucidate the anatomical variations of hypothenar muscles and their functional implications.
To detail the course of the ulnar artery and its relationship with the hamate, relevant to carpal tunnel release.

Summary:

This review examines the anatomy of Guyon's canal, highlighting the vulnerability of the deep ulnar nerve branch in Zone 2.
It discusses the variability of hypothenar muscles, such as the abductor digiti minimi, and their surgical applications.
The study also covers the ulnar artery's proximity to the hamate and the vascular supply of skin and fat pads for reconstructive surgery.

Impact:

Enhanced understanding of hypothenar anatomy can reduce surgical risks and improve outcomes.
Knowledge of anatomical variations aids in planning reconstructive procedures, like muscle transfers.
Insights into vascular anatomy are vital for preventing iatrogenic injury during carpal tunnel surgery and for flap design.