Neurovestibular considerations for sub-orbital space flight: A framework for future investigation

Area of Science:

• Spaceflight physiology
• Human factors in aerospace
• Sensorimotor adaptation

Background:

• Commercial sub-orbital spaceflights are emerging, potentially impacting thousands.
• Past space and parabolic flight data suggest sensorimotor disruptions (eye movements, posture, coordination).
• Strategies for sub-orbital flight must differ from orbital flight and between passengers and pilots.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a framework for sensorimotor adaptation strategies for sub-orbital spaceflight.
• To investigate the speed of sensorimotor adaptation during short-duration reduced/enhanced gravity.
• To provide recommendations for sub-orbital operators and researchers.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of sensorimotor disruptions based on space and parabolic flight experience.
• Investigation of sensorimotor adaptation during parabolic flight.
• Data analysis of the pitch vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation.

Main Results:

• Sensorimotor adaptation of the pitch vestibulo-ocular reflex during parabolic flight requires several days of consecutive flights to overcome initial disruptions.
• Adaptation may not be sufficiently rapid for the short-duration gravity changes in sub-orbital flights.

Conclusions:

• Parabolic flight can serve as a pre-adaptation tool for sub-orbital passengers.
• Further research is needed on the optimal quantity, timing, and tasks for pre-adaptation flights.
• Recency of experience is crucial for sub-orbital pilot readiness and safety.