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Superconductor

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...

Types Of Superconductors

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

TiO₂-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Published on: April 26, 2017

High T(c) superconductor coating: superreflectance and surface waves.

|June 18, 2010

Summary

Superconductors exhibit 100% reflectance (superreflectance) due to electromagnetic field exclusion, limited by the energy gap to longer wavelengths. Ion beam sputtering offers a promising method for achieving this effect on crystalline substrates.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Superconductivity
Optics

Background:

High transition temperature (Tc) superconductors exhibit unique electromagnetic properties.
Superreflectance (R = 100%) is a phenomenon of significant interest in optical and condensed matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically derive the conditions for superreflectance in high Tc superconductors.
To investigate the influence of energy gaps and ohmic dissipation on superreflectance.
To propose a viable method for achieving superreflectance on crystalline substrates.

Main Methods:

Theoretical derivation of electromagnetic field exclusion in superconductors.
Analysis of the impact of energy gaps and ohmic dissipation on reflectance.
Proposal and discussion of ion beam sputtering for superconductor coating.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

TiO₂-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Published on: April 26, 2017

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

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Published on: April 16, 2017

Main Results:

Superreflectance is explained by electromagnetic field exclusion, primarily in the far-infrared and longer wavelengths, due to the superconductor's energy gap.
Ohmic dissipation minimally alters the fundamental nature of superreflectance.
Electromagnetic exclusion at oblique incidence generates surface waves.
Ion beam sputtering has demonstrated near-perfect reflectance in optical coatings, indicating its potential for superconductor applications.

Conclusions:

The theory successfully explains superreflectance in high Tc superconductors based on electromagnetic field exclusion.
Ion beam sputtering presents a practical and effective technique for fabricating superconducting surfaces with high reflectance properties.