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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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Published on: March 22, 2019

Infrared detector responsivity measured simultaneously at multiple frequencies.

J C Brasunas, J C Balleza

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a rapid, automated method to measure the frequency response of infrared (IR) detectors. The technique accurately determines responsivity, noise, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) using harmonic analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Infrared Detection Technology
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Accurate characterization of infrared (IR) detectors is crucial for various applications.
    • Traditional methods for measuring detector frequency response can be time-consuming and complex.
    • Key performance metrics include responsivity, noise, and noise-equivalent power (NEP).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a rapid, automated method for measuring the frequency response of IR detectors.
    • To assess the feasibility of using multiple harmonics of the detector's response for accurate characterization.
    • To enable efficient and precise determination of IR detector performance parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a rapid automated measurement system.
    • Utilizing multiple harmonics of the IR detector's response signal.
    • Frequency domain analysis of the detector's output.

    Main Results:

    • Successful rapid and automated measurement of IR detector frequency response.
    • Accurate determination of detector responsivity across a range of frequencies.
    • Precise quantification of detector noise and noise-equivalent power (NEP).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a significant advancement in the speed and automation of IR detector characterization.
    • Harmonic analysis provides a robust approach for extracting key performance metrics.
    • This technique facilitates faster development and deployment of IR detector systems.