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Acute renal failure in asphyxiated newborns
G Jayashree1, A K Dutta, M S Sarna
1Neonatal Division, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi.
Indian Pediatrics
|January 1, 1991
Summary
Perinatal asphyxia in newborns can lead to acute renal failure (ARF), with over 40% of affected infants developing this condition. Oliguric renal failure in these infants indicates a poorer prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Pediatric Nephrology
Background:
- Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity.
- Renal complications following birth asphyxia require thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) in newborns with severe birth asphyxia.
- To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators for ARF in this population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 30 newborns with severe birth asphyxia and 30 controls.
- Assessment of renal function based on oliguria, blood urea, and creatinine levels.
- Fluid and diuretic challenge administered to neonates with suspected renal dysfunction.
Main Results:
- 43% of asphyxiated newborns developed ARF.
- 69.2% of ARF cases presented as oliguric renal failure.
- A significant correlation was found between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and ARF, but not Apgar scores.
- Oliguric ARF was associated with a poorer prognosis than non-oliguric ARF.
Conclusions:
- Acute renal failure is a common complication of perinatal asphyxia in newborns.
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a key predictor of ARF development.
- Oliguric status in neonatal ARF signifies a worse outcome, necessitating close monitoring.