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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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Published on: December 30, 2025

Raman scattering and in-water ocean optical properties.

B R Marshall, R C Smith

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Raman scattering is a significant factor in ocean light fields, impacting spectral reflectance and attenuation. Understanding this inelastic scattering is crucial for marine biooptics and estimating ocean optical properties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine Optics
    • Oceanography
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Inelastic scattering, including Raman scattering and fluorescence, significantly influences the in-water light field.
    • Raman scattering is particularly important in clear ocean waters, while fluorescence may dominate in turbid conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the Raman cross section for liquid water.
    • To assess the impact of Raman scattering on marine bio-optical properties.
    • To validate a modified two-stream model incorporating inelastic scattering.

    Main Methods:

    • Determined the Raman cross section for liquid water.
    • Employed a modified two-stream model to predict the influence of Raman scattering.
    • Compared model predictions with measured spectral reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficients.

    Main Results:

    • The Raman cross section for liquid water was determined to be 8.2 x 10⁻³⁰ cm² sr⁻¹ molecule⁻¹.
    • The modified two-stream model, incorporating Raman scattering, accurately predicted measured spectral reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficients.
    • Raman scattering's influence aligns with observed spectral properties in clear ocean waters.

    Conclusions:

    • Inelastic scattering, specifically Raman scattering, plays a critical role in the marine light field.
    • Accurate optical property determination in oceans requires accounting for inelastic scattering.
    • Findings have implications for algal photobiology and understanding clear ocean water optical properties.