Modeling and characterization of embedded electrode performance in transverse electrooptic modulators

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Materials Science
• Electrical Engineering

Background:

• Electrooptic modulators are crucial for optical communication and signal processing.
• Understanding electrode performance is key to optimizing modulator design.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and experimentally verify a mathematical model for surface and embedded electrodes in 2-D electrooptic modulators.
• To establish relationships between electrode characteristics and modulator performance metrics.

Main Methods:

• Solving a discretized integral equation for electrode surface charge.
• Relating electrode capacitance and electric field properties to modulation parameters.
• Experimental evaluation of fabricated electrodes in 9/65/35 PLZT.

Main Results:

• The model accurately predicts electrooptic modulator performance based on electrode geometry.
• Key trade-offs between switching speed, halfwave voltage, switching energy, and modulation uniformity were identified.
• Electrode capacitance and electric field uniformity directly impact modulator switching voltage and speed.

Conclusions:

• The developed model provides critical insights for designing efficient electrooptic modulators.
• Design choices for surface and embedded electrodes significantly influence modulator speed, voltage, and uniformity.
• This work facilitates informed decisions in balancing performance parameters for specific applications.