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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces
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Published on: July 26, 2016

Backward collinear acoustooptic interactions in bulk materials.

J E Oliveira, C K Jen

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Theoretical studies explore backward collinear acoustooptic interactions (BCAOI) in various materials. Research focuses on high-frequency applications and propagation losses, driven by advancements in piezoelectric transducers.

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    Published on: March 6, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and acoustics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Recent advancements in high-frequency piezoelectric transducers enable new acoustooptic applications.
    • Backward collinear acoustooptic interactions (BCAOI) are of growing practical interest.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically investigate backward collinear acoustooptic interactions (BCAOI).
    • To analyze BCAOI configurations in isotropic and anisotropic materials.
    • To assess high-frequency propagation losses in relevant materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of BCAOI.
    • Examination of bulk acoustic wave propagation.
    • Material property evaluation for fused silica, germanium, and uniaxial crystals.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed theoretical framework for BCAOI in diverse material types.
    • Identification of suitable materials for high-frequency acoustooptic devices.
    • Quantification of propagation loss characteristics at high frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • BCAOI is a viable phenomenon for high-frequency applications.
    • Material selection is critical for optimizing performance and minimizing losses.
    • Further research can leverage these findings for advanced acoustooptic device development.