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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

Published on: March 1, 2024

A posterior tibial tendon skipping rope.

M N van Sterkenburg¹, D Haverkamp, C N van Dijk

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.n.vansterkenburg@amc.uva.nl

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA

|June 18, 2010

Summary

An athletic patient experienced ankle pain due to a tissue cord impinging on the posterior tibial tendon. Releasing this cord resolved the pain, offering a novel treatment for posterior tibial tendon issues.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

Published on: March 1, 2024

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Anatomy

Background:

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is a common cause of medial ankle pain in athletes.
Tenosynovitis and suspected tendon rupture necessitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

An athletic patient presented with posteromedial ankle swelling and progressive pain during weight-bearing.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed tenosynovitis with suspicion of a longitudinal tear.

Findings:

Posterior tibial tendoscopy identified a tissue cord impinging on the posterior tibial tendon, not a tendon rupture.
Surgical release of the impinging tissue cord led to complete symptom resolution.

Implications:

This case highlights a previously undescribed cause of posterior tibial tendon impingement syndrome.
Endoscopic release of aberrant tissue cords offers a minimally invasive treatment option for specific ankle pain presentations.
Accurate intraoperative visualization is crucial for diagnosing and treating non-rupture related posterior tibial tendon pathologies.