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Published on: April 26, 2019
Alcohol and type 2 diabetes. A review
A Pietraszek1, S Gregersen, K Hermansen
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Summary
Moderate alcohol consumption may lower type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but binge drinking increases it. Long-term alcohol use appears to improve glycemic control in T2D patients.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health concern.
- Alcohol consumption is prevalent and its metabolic effects are complex.
- Understanding the relationship between alcohol and T2D is crucial for prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
- To evaluate the impact of alcohol on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes, considering different treatment regimens.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for English-language studies.
- Inclusion of meta-analyses, reviews, and observational studies (≥1000 participants) for T2D risk.
- Inclusion of all relevant articles for glycemic control impact.
Main Results:
- Most studies indicate a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and T2D incidence, with binge drinking increasing risk.
- Acute alcohol intake does not cause hypoglycemia in diet-treated T2D patients but can in those on sulfonylureas.
- Long-term alcohol use is generally associated with improved glycemic control in T2D.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol consumption may reduce T2D incidence, though binge patterns elevate risk.
- Hypoglycemia risk from acute alcohol intake is limited to sulfonylurea-treated T2D patients.
- Long-term alcohol use may improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in T2D.
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