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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
03:13

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

Mannitol-induced acute renal failure.

S-F Tsai1, K-H Shu

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Clinical Nephrology
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mannitol administration for eye surgery can cause severe hypertonic hyponatremia and acute kidney injury. Hemodialysis effectively treated these complications, restoring renal function and consciousness.

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Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
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Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

Published on: August 9, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
03:13

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
09:09

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

Published on: August 9, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • A 62-year-old male patient underwent surgery for retinal detachment.
  • The patient was prescribed mannitol and acetazolamide to manage intraocular pressure.

Observation:

  • Seven days post-operation, the patient exhibited progressive drowsiness.
  • Laboratory results revealed severe hypertonic hyponatremia (109 mEq/l), hyperosmolality (341 mosm/kg), metabolic acidosis (pH 7.17), and acute kidney injury (serum creatinine 8.2 mg/dl).

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was diagnosed as mannitol-induced acute kidney injury.
  • Initial treatment with 3% saline worsened the patient's condition, including dyspnea and metabolic acidosis.
  • Subsequent hemodialysis led to complete recovery of consciousness and renal function.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential nephrotoxic effects of mannitol, particularly in patients with compromised renal function.
  • Prompt recognition and aggressive management, including hemodialysis, are crucial for treating severe mannitol-induced complications.
  • Careful consideration of medication-induced risks is essential in post-operative patient management.