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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

[Bronchiolitis viruses].

F Freymuth1, A Vabret, J Dina

  • 1Laboratoire de virologie humaine et moléculaire, CHU de Caen, avenue Georges-Clémenceau, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France. freymuth-f@chu-caen.fr

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of acute bronchiolitis in children in Normandy, France. This study details virus prevalence, seasonal patterns, and age demographics for hRSV and other respiratory viruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Context:

  • Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants and young children.
  • Understanding the causative agents and their epidemiological patterns is crucial for public health management.
  • Normandy, France, serves as the study region for this epidemiological investigation.

Purpose:

  • To identify the prevalence of various respiratory viruses causing acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children and the community in Normandy.
  • To analyze the seasonality, age distribution, and trends of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and other key respiratory pathogens.
  • To compare the characteristics of infections caused by hRSV, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV).

Summary:

  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) was the predominant virus, identified in 64.1% of hospitalized acute bronchiolitis cases and 42% in the community. Rhinovirus was the second most common (26.8% hospitalized, 19.5% community).
  • hRSV infections primarily affected infants under six months, with peak occurrences in November-February, and showed an increasing trend in epidemic cases from 1999-2009.
  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) were less frequent, with distinct seasonal patterns and age group preferences; PIV3 was the most common PIV type.

Impact:

  • Findings highlight the significant burden of hRSV in pediatric respiratory infections in the region.
  • Provides data to inform public health strategies, clinical management, and potential interventions for acute bronchiolitis.
  • Contributes to the understanding of viral respiratory pathogen dynamics in a specific geographical area.