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Neural correlates of observing pretend play in which one object is represented as another.

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience·2009
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Organotypic Slice Culture of E18 Rat Brains
18:48

Organotypic Slice Culture of E18 Rat Brains

Published on: July 11, 2007

The culture ready brain.

Charles Whitehead1

  • 1drcwhitehead@aol.com

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study explores language origins, comparing the extended mirror system and vocal grooming hypotheses. It introduces a new

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary linguistics
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Paleoanthropology

Background:

  • Theories on language origins often stem from distinct disciplinary perspectives.
  • The extended mirror system hypothesis and vocal grooming hypothesis present conflicting views on language evolution.
  • Existing hypotheses may overlook crucial ethnographic, linguistic, and psychological evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the extended mirror system hypothesis and vocal grooming hypothesis.
  • To propose a novel 'play and display' hypothesis focusing on the evolution of the 'culture-ready brain'.
  • To test these hypotheses using fossil, archaeological, and neuroimaging data.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing hypotheses on language origins.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Organotypic Slice Culture of E18 Rat Brains
18:48

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Published on: July 11, 2007

Short-Term Free-Floating Slice Cultures from the Adult Human Brain
09:14

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Published on: November 5, 2019

Preparation of Rat Brain Aggregate Cultures for Neuron and Glia Development Studies
12:03

Preparation of Rat Brain Aggregate Cultures for Neuron and Glia Development Studies

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  • Integration of ethnographic, linguistic, and psychological perspectives.
  • Evaluation of hypotheses against fossil, archaeological, and neuroimaging evidence.
  • Main Results:

    • Identified limitations and overlooked considerations in current language origin hypotheses.
    • Proposed the 'play and display' hypothesis as an alternative framework for brain evolution.
    • Initiated testing of all three hypotheses against empirical evidence.

    Conclusions:

    • The evolution of the 'culture-ready brain' may be a more accurate focus than language itself.
    • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for understanding language origins.
    • Further research integrating diverse evidence is required to validate hypotheses on language evolution.