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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Hiatal Hernia

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

Postpneumonectomy cavity herniation through an intercostal space.

Lotfi Benhamed¹, Ilir Hysi, Rias Akkad

¹Pôle de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Albert Calmette, CHRU de Lille, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France. mohamedlotfi-benhamed@chru-lille.fr

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

|June 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of lung herniation through an intercostal space after pneumonectomy was successfully repaired. The calcified pleura contained the herniation, and mesh repair led to a pain-free recovery.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

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Published on: January 23, 2026

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

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Published on: December 17, 2014

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Published on: March 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Cardiothoracic Surgery
Pulmonary Medicine
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Mediastinal shift and lung herniation are known complications following pneumonectomy.
Herniation typically involves the remaining lung moving into the contralateral chest.
This case presents a unique herniation of the pneumonectomy cavity itself.

Observation:

A patient presented with herniation of a post-pneumonectomy cavity through an intercostal defect.
The cavity was contained by calcified pleura.
The patient had a history of left pneumonectomy 47 years prior.

Findings:

Surgical repair of the intercostal muscular defect was performed.
A Mersuture mesh was utilized for the repair.
The patient experienced a successful outcome with no postoperative pain.

Implications:

This case highlights a rare presentation of post-pneumonectomy complications.
It demonstrates the efficacy of mesh repair for intercostal defects in this context.
Successful management suggests potential for improved patient outcomes in similar rare scenarios.