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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Published on: August 15, 2018

Radiocarbon-based chronology for dynastic Egypt.

Christopher Bronk Ramsey¹, Michael W Dee, Joanne M Rowland

¹Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. christopher.ramsey@rlaha.ox.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New radiocarbon dating of ancient Egypt reveals a revised chronology. This study provides earlier start dates for the Old and New Kingdoms, refining historical timelines.

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Area of Science:

Archaeological Science
Radiocarbon Dating
Ancient Egyptian History

Background:

Historical chronologies for dynastic Egypt rely on inferred reign lengths from textual and archaeological data.
Linking these 'floating' chronologies to an absolute calendar depends on astronomical observations, which are often debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a more precise chronology for dynastic Egypt.
To refine the start dates of key periods like the Old and New Kingdoms using advanced dating techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilized 211 radiocarbon measurements from short-lived plant samples.
Employed a Bayesian statistical model integrating historical reign length data.
Accounted for a minor offset in radiocarbon levels observed in the Nile Valley, likely due to seasonal effects.

Main Results:

The New Kingdom of Egypt is now dated to have begun between 1570 and 1544 B.C.E.
The reign of Djoser in the Old Kingdom is estimated to have started between 2691 and 2625 B.C.E.
These findings suggest earlier commencement dates than some prior historical estimations.

Conclusions:

Radiocarbon data provide a robust framework for dynastic Egyptian chronology.
The revised chronology refines our understanding of ancient Egyptian history and key historical periods.