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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
13:01

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Published on: June 23, 2014

Seronegative polyarthritis as severe systemic disease.

A P Rozin1, T Hasin, K Toledano

  • 1Departments of Rheumatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion, Haifa, Israel. a_rozin@rambam.health.gov.il

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Seronegative polyarthritis can present with severe systemic disease, challenging the notion of a benign course. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are crucial for managing aggressive extra-articular manifestations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
13:01

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Published on: June 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high rheumatoid factor (RF) is linked to severe extra-articular disease and poor prognosis.
  • Conversely, seronegative RA is typically considered to have a milder course with less destructive disease.
  • This study challenges that assumption by presenting cases of aggressive systemic disease in seronegative polyarthritis.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old woman presented with chest pain, dyspnea, sacroiliitis, and pericardial effusion, diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome.
  • A 47-year-old woman with psoriatic arthropathy developed fever, lung infiltrates, and elevated blood counts during disease exacerbation.
  • A 19-year-old man with inflammatory bowel disease experienced acute pericarditis.

Findings:

  • The study reviews systemic manifestations of seronegative polyarthritis, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis.
  • Differential diagnoses include infection, malignancy, hypersensitivity, granulomatous disease, and other collagen diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Prompt initiation of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy is recommended, even while investigating underlying causes.

Implications:

  • A high index of suspicion for extra-articular disease is essential in managing active seronegative polyarthritis.
  • These findings highlight the potential for severe systemic involvement in seronegative arthritis, necessitating a proactive approach to patient care.
  • Timely intervention can improve outcomes for patients with aggressive seronegative polyarthritis and its systemic complications.