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Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

Common Respiratory Disorders

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Phantom rhinitis.

¹Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mylesi@niaid.nih.gov

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

|June 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sensitivity to strong odors can indicate serious conditions, not just allergies. A detailed history and imaging are crucial for diagnosing smell abnormalities and potential life-threatening disorders.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurology
Allergology

Background:

Sensitivity to strong odors presents a complex diagnostic challenge with a wide differential.
Allergic rhinitis and olfactory dysfunction require careful evaluation beyond standard allergy treatments.

Observation:

A 60-year-old male with a history of allergic rhinitis developed a 4-year sensitivity to smells, unresponsive to medical or immunotherapy.
Physical examination revealed no significant findings, necessitating further investigation.

Findings:

A detailed clinical history and definitive imaging study led to the diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening disorder.
Corrective treatment was subsequently administered to the patient.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of a thorough differential diagnosis and clinical history in identifying the etiology of non-allergic rhinitis.
Overwhelming olfactory sensations warrant investigation for underlying serious conditions.
Abnormalities in olfaction require a systematic evaluation approach.