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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

New antituberculous drugs in development.

Umesh G Lalloo1, Anish Ambaram

  • 1Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, 4013, Congella, Durban, South Africa. lalloo@ukzn.ac.za

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Summary

New antituberculous drugs are urgently needed due to drug resistance and co-infections. Several promising candidates are in development, alongside nanotechnology and immunotherapy, to combat tuberculosis (TB).

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • No new antituberculous drugs have been introduced since rifampin in 1952.
  • The global rise of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-epidemics, coupled with drug-resistant strains, necessitates novel therapeutic agents.
  • Existing treatments face challenges with safety, efficacy against resistant strains, treatment duration, latent infection, and drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape and future prospects of antituberculous drug development.
  • To highlight the urgent need for new drugs addressing safety, resistance, and treatment shortening.
  • To explore emerging technologies and therapeutic strategies in combating tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of drugs in various phases of clinical development (Phase 1, 2, and 3).
  • Discussion of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery.
  • Exploration of immunotherapy and vitamin D as adjunctive treatments.

Main Results:

  • Several novel antituberculous drug candidates are in development, including moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, PA-824, TMC207, SQ109, AZD5847, and linezolid.
  • Nanotechnology offers potential for improved drug delivery.
  • Immunotherapy and vitamin D are being investigated as complementary treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerating the development and market introduction of new antituberculous drugs is a global health priority.
  • A combination of novel drugs, nanotechnology, and immunotherapy is crucial for effective tuberculosis control.
  • Addressing drug resistance and improving treatment outcomes requires a multifaceted approach.