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Smallpox

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[The battle against smallpox in Austria].

Heinz Flamm¹, Christian Vutuc

¹Emeritierter Vorstand des Klinischen Institutes für Hygiene, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift

|June 19, 2010

Summary

Austria

Area of Science:

Medical History
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Smallpox activities in Austria began with variolation, a risky artificial infection.
Edward Jenner's cowpox vaccination was adopted in Lower Austria in 1800, a first for continental Europe.
Early vaccination involved human-to-human inoculation.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the historical development of smallpox vaccination in Austria.
To trace the evolution of smallpox control measures from variolation to mass vaccination.
To document the cessation of smallpox vaccination in 1981.

Main Methods:

Historical review of vaccination practices in Austria.
Analysis of the transition from variolation to cowpox vaccination.

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Chronological description of smallpox vaccination programs.

Main Results:

Austria initiated smallpox control with variolation.
Lower Austria pioneered mass vaccination using cowpox in 1800.
Vaccination practices evolved from human inoculation to established programs.

Conclusions:

The study details the progression of smallpox vaccination in Austria.
It highlights Austria's early adoption of effective vaccination strategies.
The paper covers the complete history of smallpox vaccination up to its discontinuation in 1981.