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Personalized medicine: a reality within this decade.

Robert Roberts1

  • 1University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada. rroberts@ottawaheart.ca

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
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Personalized medicine uses genetic variants for tailored treatments, potentially preventing adverse drug reactions. Genome-wide association studies identified the 9p21 DNA region as a significant genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Personalized medicine tailors treatments to individual genetic profiles.
  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a significant genetic component, estimated at over 50%.
  • Identifying genes predisposing to CAD is crucial for prevention and targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic factors predisposing individuals to coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To leverage high-throughput genotyping for genome-wide association studies (GWA).
  • To explore the potential of genetic discoveries for personalized CAD prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimillion single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays for high-throughput genotyping.
  • Conducted genome-wide association (GWA) studies requiring dense SNP markers and large sample sizes.
  • Replicated findings across multiple independent populations to ensure robustness.

Main Results:

  • The Ottawa Heart Genomic Study identified the 9p21 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) region as the first significant genetic risk factor for CAD.
  • Replication in over 45,000 individuals confirmed the 9p21 region's association with CAD risk.
  • The 9p21 region confers CAD risk independently of established risk factors, with varying risk increases in heterozygous and homozygous forms.

Conclusions:

  • The 9p21 region is a key genetic determinant for CAD, independent of traditional risk factors.
  • Identification of CAD-predisposing genes, like those in 9p21, is essential for advancing personalized cardiovascular care.
  • The 9p21 region offers a promising target for early genetic screening and novel therapeutic strategies in CAD management.