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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

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Published on: August 8, 2025

Sex differences in percutaneous coronary interventions.

Juzar O Lokhandwala¹, Kimberly A Skelding

¹Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Lane, Danville, PA 17822, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research

|June 19, 2010

Summary

Cardiovascular disease poses a greater risk for women. This review examines percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) evidence in women, highlighting sex-specific treatment considerations for coronary artery disease.

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Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

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Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Vascular Medicine
Women's Health

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in women.
Women experience higher CVD-related mortality and morbidity, particularly during treatment.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for coronary artery disease (CAD), especially acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing evidence on PCI efficacy and safety in women.
To identify and discuss sex-specific factors influencing PCI outcomes.
To highlight the underrepresentation of women in PCI procedures.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on PCI in women.
Analysis of sex-based differences in PCI outcomes.
Evaluation of current guidelines and clinical practices.

Main Results:

Women undergo only 33% of all PCI procedures.
Evidence suggests potential sex-based differences in PCI effectiveness and complications.
Further research is needed to optimize PCI therapy for women.

Conclusions:

PCI is a vital treatment for women with CAD, but its utilization is suboptimal.
Addressing sex-specific aspects of PCI is critical for improving outcomes.
Increased awareness and research are necessary to enhance cardiovascular care for women.