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Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
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Phagocytes
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Environmental amoebae and mycobacterial pathogenesis.

Melanie Harriff1, Luiz E Bermudez

  • 1Vollum Institute for Biomedical Research, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97331, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Environmental amoebae host pathogenic mycobacteria like Mycobacterium avium. These bacteria grow inside amoebae, protected from disinfectants and antibiotics, and gain an invasive phenotype.

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Published on: June 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Environmental amoebae serve as hosts for pathogenic mycobacteria.
  • Mycobacterium avium, M. marinum, and M. peregrinum can replicate within Acanthamoeba.
  • Intracellular survival within amoebae confers protection against antimicrobials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between Mycobacterium avium and Acanthamoeba.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms of M. avium growth within amoebae.
  • To describe methods for studying this host-pathogen relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing of environmental amoebae (Acanthamoeba).
  • Infection of amoebae with Mycobacterium avium.
  • Gene expression analysis of M. avium during intracellular growth.
  • Observation of M. avium escape from amoebae.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterium avium upregulates genes similar to those induced during macrophage phagocytosis.
  • Mycobacteria grow intracellularly within Acanthamoeba.
  • Intracellular mycobacteria are protected from chlorine disinfection.
  • Mycobacteria acquire an invasive phenotype after amoebal infection.

Conclusions:

  • Amoebae provide a protective niche for pathogenic mycobacteria.
  • The amoeba-mycobacteria interaction involves significant gene regulation by the bacterium.
  • Understanding this interaction is crucial for controlling mycobacterial infections.