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The effect of Longan seed polyphenols on colorectal carcinoma cells
Yuan-Chiang Chung1, Chih-Cheng Lin, Chih-Chung Chou
1Department of Surgery, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Tao-Yuan County, Taiwan.
Background:
Polyphenol-rich longan seed extract (LSP) is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. However, the effect of LSP on the growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells (CRC) has not yet been evaluated.
Materials And Methods:
Polyphenols of longan seeds were extracted and measured by colorimetry. Four CRC cell lines (Colo 320DM, SW480, HT-29 and LoVo) were treated with LSP and assessed for viability by trypan blue exclusion, for cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, for apoptosis by annexin V labelling and for changes in the levels of proteins involved in cell cycle control or apoptosis by immunoblotting.
Results:
Total phenol content of LSP was 695 mg g(-1) and total flavonoids were 150 mg g(-1). LSP inhibited the proliferation (25 microg mL(-1)-200 microg mL(-1)) of Colo 320DM, SW480 and HT-29, but not LoVo. LSP inhibited the proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression during the DNA synthesis phase and inducing apoptotic death. Western blotting indicated that LSP blocks the S phase, reducing the expression of cyclin A and cyclin D1. Colo 320DM and SW480 treated with LSP also showed the activation of caspase 3 and increased Bax : Bcl-2 ratio.
Conclusion:
LSP induces S phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptotic death in three CRC cell lines. The results indicate that LSP is a potential novel chemoprevention and treatment agent for colorectal cancer.
