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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Iterative Correction of Reference Nucleotides (iCORN) using second generation sequencing technology.

Thomas D Otto1, Mandy Sanders, Matthew Berriman

  • 1Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. tdo@sanger.ac.uk

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|June 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel algorithm corrects errors in reference genomes by aligning sequencing reads. This method improves genome accuracy, demonstrated by fixing over 2000 errors in Plasmodium falciparum.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Reference genome accuracy is crucial for downstream analyses.
  • Manual error correction of genome sequences is costly and time-consuming.
  • High-throughput sequencing generates vast amounts of data that can be leveraged for error detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel algorithm for correcting errors in reference genome sequences.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of this new algorithm.
  • To provide a publicly available software tool for genome correction.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Iterative Correction of Reference Nucleotides (ICORN) algorithm.
  • Iterative alignment of deep coverage short sequencing reads to reference genomes.
  • Application of the algorithm to various eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, including Plasmodium falciparum.

Main Results:

  • The ICORN algorithm accurately corrects errors in reference genome sequences.
  • Over 2000 errors were corrected in the Plasmodium falciparum reference genome, an organism with high A+T content.
  • The algorithm demonstrated high accuracy across diverse genomic datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The ICORN algorithm provides an efficient and accurate method for improving reference genome quality.
  • This tool can significantly reduce the cost and effort associated with genome sequence validation.
  • The software is available for broad application in genomic research.