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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Published on: June 7, 2017

Rituximab for thyroid eye disease.

Rona Z Silkiss¹, Alice Reier, Morton Coleman

¹California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Rsilkiss@aol.com

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|June 22, 2010

Summary

Rituximab treatment significantly reduced Clinical Activity Scores in thyroid eye disease patients, showing good tolerability. Further placebo-controlled trials are recommended for this B-lymphocyte depletion therapy.

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A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes.
B-lymphocyte depletion is a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab for treating thyroid eye disease.
To assess the impact of rituximab on Clinical Activity Scores (CAS) and B-lymphocyte levels in TED patients.

Main Methods:

A prospective, open-label, interventional trial involving 12 TED patients with CAS ≥ 4.
Patients received two intravenous infusions of rituximab (1000 mg) on days 1 and 15.
Clinical Activity Scores, B-lymphocyte counts, and thyroid-related hormone levels were monitored for 1 year.

Main Results:

A statistically significant decrease in CAS was observed from baseline throughout the 1-year follow-up.
Rituximab effectively depleted peripheral B-lymphocytes within one month, with counts beginning to rise at 36 weeks.
No significant changes in thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were noted. Treatment was well-tolerated with no adverse effects.

Conclusions:

Rituximab infusion was associated with significant reductions in CAS in TED patients.
The variable natural course of TED complicates definitive efficacy assessment.
Larger, placebo-controlled studies are warranted to confirm rituximab's efficacy for thyroid eye disease.