High resolution solar spectrometer system for measuring atmospheric constituents.

Area of Science:

• Atmospheric Science
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• Solar Physics

Background:

• High-resolution solar spectra are crucial for understanding atmospheric composition and solar processes.
• Previous limitations in spectral resolution and altitude coverage hindered detailed atmospheric and solar studies.
• The need for advanced instrumentation for near-space observations is well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and test a mid-infrared Michelson interferometer for high-resolution solar spectral measurements from a balloon platform.
• To achieve a spectral resolution of 0.002 cm(-1) in the 7-14 micrometer range.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of near-space solar spectroscopy using advanced interferometer technology.

Main Methods:

• A Bomem self-aligning Michelson interferometer was adapted for balloon deployment.
• The instrument was equipped with a solar tracking system, telemetry, recording, temperature control, and gondola orientation systems.
• The interferometer was flown on two successful high-altitude balloon missions.

Main Results:

• The developed Michelson interferometer achieved a spectral resolution of 0.002 cm(-1).
• Successful solar spectra were obtained in the 7-14 micrometer (700-1300 cm(-1)) interval.
• The instrument operated effectively at altitudes up to 40 km during two flights.

Conclusions:

• The balloon-borne mid-infrared Michelson interferometer is a capable instrument for high-resolution solar spectral analysis.
• The system demonstrates successful near-space observation capabilities for atmospheric and solar studies.
• The collected data provide valuable insights into atmospheric composition and solar characteristics.