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Related Concept Videos

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:32

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Skeletal muscles comprise various fibers, each with distinct characteristics and roles in movement and stability. They are mainly categorized into three types — fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and intermediate.
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-twitch fibers, or Type II fibers, are designed for quick, powerful bursts of speed and strength. They reach peak tension within approximately 0.01 seconds following stimulation. Characterized by a large diameter and densely packed myofibrils, these fibers contain...
The Delta-to-Delta Circuit01:17

The Delta-to-Delta Circuit

In a delta-delta configuration, the source and the load are connected in a delta manner, forming a closed loop that divides the network into three distinct phases. This configuration makes the phase voltages identical to line voltages. Assuming the sources are in positive sequence, the phase voltages can be expressed directly without having a neutral wire.
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy reserves in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

High Delta, small core, single-mode fibers and their uses.

S Sudo, H Itoh, T Hosaka

    Applied Optics
    |June 22, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    High Delta single-mode fibers exhibit low transmission losses and unique optical characteristics. These fibers show promise for applications in optical communications and signal processing.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Single-mode optical fibers are crucial for modern telecommunications.
    • High Delta (Δ) values in optical fibers can enable novel functionalities but often present fabrication challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the fundamental optical characteristics of high Delta, small core single-mode fibers.
    • To explore potential applications of these advanced optical fibers.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of high Delta single-mode fibers using the vapor phase axial deposition (VAD) process.
    • Characterization of transmission loss spectrum, bending loss, dispersion, stimulated Raman scattering, and frequency chirping.
    • Experimental investigation of direct coupling efficiency with LEDs and optical pulse compression.

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
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    Published on: April 20, 2016

    Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis
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    Main Results:

    • Achieved low transmission losses: 0.82 dB/km at 1.61 µm for a 2.9%-Δ fiber and 0.68 dB/km at 1.62 µm for a 1.9%-Δ fiber.
    • Demonstrated 43% coupling efficiency between high Delta fiber and a Light Emitting Diode (LED).
    • Generated pedestal-free optical pulses with 1.2-ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) using optical pulse compression at 1.5 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • High Delta single-mode fibers possess excellent transmission properties and low losses.
    • These fibers are suitable for efficient light coupling and advanced optical signal processing applications, such as pulse compression.