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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry
11:54

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 13, 2019

BKV-infection in kidney graft dysfunction.

Juliana Montagner1, Tatiana Michelon, Barbara Fontanelle

  • 1Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Hospital, Rua Coronel Corte Real 311/702, Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. jmontagner@mixmail.com

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
|June 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting high levels of BKV-DNA in urine (viruria) can predict active BKV infection (viremia) in kidney transplant patients with graft dysfunction. This aids in early diagnosis and management of BKV nephropathy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry
11:54

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • BKV nephropathy (BKN) is a significant cause of kidney graft loss.
  • Early detection of active BK virus (BKV) infection is crucial for predicting BKN.
  • Current diagnostic methods for BKN are invasive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of BKV infection in late kidney graft dysfunction.
  • To assess the utility of urinary decoy cells (DCs), BKV viruria, and BKV viremia in diagnosing active infection.
  • To compare the diagnostic efficacy of DCs and viruria against viremia.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 120 kidney recipients with graft dysfunction was studied.
  • Urine and blood samples were tested for BKV using semi-nested PCR.
  • Urinary decoy cells (DCs) were identified, and BKV viruria and viremia were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence rates were: DCs 25%, viruria 61.7%, and viremia 42.5%.
  • Intense viruria (3+) was the sole predictor of active BKV infection (viremia) with a likelihood ratio (LR) of 2.8.
  • Sirolimus treatment was associated with lower viruria prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • BKV viruria and viremia are common in late kidney graft dysfunction.
  • Intense viruria is a reliable non-invasive predictor of active BKV infection.
  • These findings support the use of viruria testing in the context of BKN diagnosis.