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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language01:16

Language

Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Dyslexia and learning a foreign language: a personal experience.

C S Simon1

  • 1Speech-Language Pathologist & ESL Specialist, Tempe, Arizona, USA.

Annals of Dyslexia
|June 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with dyslexia face challenges in second language acquisition due to native language learning difficulties. This report details personal experiences and offers recommendations for dyslexic language learners and their instructors.

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Education

Background:

  • Second language acquisition (SLA) relies on native language (NL) proficiency.
  • Dyslexia presents challenges in phonemic awareness, linguistic processing, and working memory, impacting NL learning.
  • These NL learning difficulties directly affect foreign language (FL) learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on dyslexia's impact on SLA.
  • To describe the author's personal educational and FL learning experiences with dyslexia.
  • To provide recommendations for dyslexic students and FL instructors.

Main Methods:

  • Participant observation and personal experience.
  • Review of existing research literature on dyslexia and SLA.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Published on: July 13, 2019

  • Synthesis of personal narrative with academic findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Dyslexia complicates SLA through shared underlying cognitive and linguistic factors.
    • Personal experiences illustrate the practical challenges faced by dyslexic learners in FL settings.
    • Specific strategies can mitigate the negative impact of dyslexia on FL learning.

    Conclusions:

    • Dyslexia presents significant, but not insurmountable, barriers to second language learning.
    • Understanding the specific challenges is crucial for effective pedagogical approaches.
    • Tailored support and instructional strategies can enhance FL success for individuals with dyslexia.