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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Application of micro- and nano-electromechanical devices to drug delivery.

Pharmaceutical research·2006
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Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
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Microchips and controlled-release drug reservoirs.

Mark Staples1

  • 1Cusp PharmaTech Consulting LLC, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. m.a.staples@comcast.net

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|June 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Implantable microchip devices offer precise, automated drug delivery, improving treatment value and enabling personalized medicine. These advanced systems enhance drug efficacy and patient convenience by overcoming limitations of conventional dosing methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Rising drug development costs necessitate optimizing existing therapeutics.
  • Future healthcare trends include personalized medicine and automated drug administration.
  • Conventional dosing methods often have suboptimal safety, efficacy, and convenience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the development of implantable microchip-based drug delivery devices.
  • To highlight how these devices address unmet medical needs in drug dosing.
  • To explore the convergence of technologies enabling advanced drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS)-based implantable devices.
  • Integration of drug reservoirs with microchip technology for controlled release.
  • Leveraging advances in fabrication, materials science, polymer chemistry, and data management.

Main Results:

  • Miniaturized implantable devices enable controlled therapeutic agent delivery from reservoirs.
  • Microchip devices facilitate localized, on-demand, programmable, and automated multi-drug delivery.
  • These systems offer improved safety, efficacy, and convenience over traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Implantable microchip drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement in therapeutic administration.
  • These technologies support individualized therapy and automated drug delivery, meeting future medical care trends.
  • Innovative drug-device combinations can protect sensitive medications within sealed reservoirs.