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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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A Modified Technique for Inducing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Mice
04:49

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Published on: July 5, 2024

[Ectopic hormonal syndrome].

Masatomo Mihara1, Yukio Hirata

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|June 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectopic hormonal syndrome, a common paraneoplastic syndrome, involves tumors inappropriately secreting peptide hormones. Diagnosis and treatment focus on identifying and removing the primary tumor to reverse hormonal imbalances.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Ectopic hormonal syndrome is the most frequent cause of paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • It arises from peptide hormone overproduction by non-endocrine tumors, often occult.
  • This syndrome presents diagnostic challenges due to its association with hidden neoplasms.

Purpose:

  • To define the diagnostic criteria for ectopic hormonal syndrome.
  • To outline the management strategies for this condition.
  • To emphasize the link between tumor activity and hormonal imbalance.

Summary:

  • Ectopic hormonal syndrome involves inappropriate peptide hormone secretion by non-endocrine tumors.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical signs, hormone levels, tumor resection response, arteriovenous hormone gradients, and hormone detection in tumor tissue.
  • Treatment involves primary tumor management (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) and palliative care for hormone excess.

Impact:

  • Establishes clear diagnostic criteria for ectopic hormonal syndrome.
  • Highlights the importance of tumor resection in reversing endocrine abnormalities.
  • Provides a framework for managing patients with paraneoplastic endocrine dysfunction.