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Gross Anatomy of Bone

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Osteomyelitis of the long bones.

Jason H Calhoun¹, M M Manring, Mark Shirtliff

¹The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

|June 23, 2010

Summary

This review covers long bone osteomyelitis, a complex bone infection. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery, and grafts, with challenges from drug-resistant bacteria.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Long bone osteomyelitis is a challenging bone infection.
Disease severity depends on etiology, pathogenesis, extent, duration, and host factors.
Infections can be hematogenous or contiguous.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a basic review of long bone osteomyelitis.
To cover classification, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
To highlight challenges posed by multidrug-resistant organisms.

Main Methods:

Literature review of long bone osteomyelitis.
Discussion of classification and staging systems.
Overview of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:

Osteomyelitis antibiotics debridement long bones

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in hematogenous osteomyelitis.
Multidrug-resistant organisms present significant treatment challenges.
Effective treatment relies on culture-specific antibiotics and surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

Long bone osteomyelitis requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Ongoing research is needed to combat antibiotic resistance in bone infections.