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Related Experiment Videos

Sulfated surfaces in sensitivity: an 'on-off' switch for anaphylaxis?

E C Lasser1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla 92093.

Medical Hypotheses
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Plasma contact system activation, involving bradykinin, is linked to contrast material reactions and anaphylaxis. Certain individuals exhibit accelerated contact activity, particularly at low temperatures, due to specific plasma priming substances.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The plasma contact system, producing bradykinin, is implicated in adverse reactions to X-ray contrast materials and anaphylaxis.
  • Individuals with contrast material reactions and some asthmatics exhibit heightened plasma contact activity, especially at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of plasma priming substances (endogenous contact activators; ECA) in accelerated contact system activity.
  • To explore the connection between these activators, cold-promoted factor VII activation (CPA), and conditions like asthma and contrast material reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma from contrast material reactors and asthmatics.
  • Identification and characterization of endogenous contact activators (ECA).

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  • Assay of cold-promoted factor VII activation (CPA) and spontaneous amidolytic activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Two ECA were identified; one is a sulfated polysaccharide/proteoglycan similar to heparin/heparan sulfate.
    • ECA-containing plasmas show CPA, particularly in high estrogen states.
    • These plasmas exhibit spontaneous amidolytic activity in cold and potentiated activity with exogenous sulfated surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    • Endogenous contact activators may contribute to hypersensitivity reactions.
    • Potential role of endothelial cell surfaces and hormonal influences (estrogen) in modulating contact system activity.
    • Findings suggest a basis for increased asthma/allergy symptoms in females during high estrogen periods.